How Does Healthcare Sector Benefit from Label-Free Detection Technology?

Label-free detection technology utilizes optics-based biosensors for the conversion of biological binding responses into signals without requiring fluorescent or any other label. It allows for the real-time monitoring of the changes that happen during analyte binding to an immobilized ligand on a biosensor surface, without individual assay components’ manipulation. The major benefit of the label-free technology is that it enables ligands to maintain their original conformation and biological activity.

This technology also mitigates the risk of the unwanted background signal that may be caused while binding labels non-specifically to other bioassay components, by eliminating labeled detection reagents’, such as fluorescently-labeled proteins and enzyme-conjugated antibodies, requirement. It is also advantageous while working with impure or complex sample material containing various components other than the analyte of interest.

Moreover, it facilitates researchers while performing analyses that are not possible with the conventional methods. Label-free monitoring enables affinity and kinetic analysis, including binding specificity evaluation, which are essentially aided by dynamic, real-time interaction analysis.

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Surface Plasmon Resonance

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is an optical technique for carrying out label-free detection. It provides accurate results without any chance of the normal functioning of the ligand or analyte being affected upon binding with the labels. It also saves cost, as it does not involve the use of expensive radioactive fluorescent labels and other reagents. In addition, SPR facilitates the detection of the changes in the dissolved material’s mass in the solvent layer close to the surface of the sensor, by measuring the change in SPR angle or refractive index.

Binding Kinetics 

Kinetic binding refers to the phenomena of how quickly a compound binds to its target and how quickly it disassociates. It primarily measures the on-rate and off-rate.

Application of Kinetic Binding in Drug Discovery

The drug-induced conformational changes and binding kinetics to physiological target determine how a dose-response relationship is influenced by coupling efficiency. Binding kinetics provides support in evaluating the affinity of a drug to its target, and it can also affect the efficiency of the drug-response relationship by impacting the equilibrium state, thus resulting in improved efficacy with a longer duration of the response and differentiation of the therapeutic indications, along with higher tolerability.

Moreover, in the series of typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs, the measurements of the kinetic binding properties, along with correlation of the side effects, birthed a new model of binding that reflects that association rates are primarily responsible for causing side-effects, not the dissociation rates. It creates opportunities to build strategies to optimize kinetics at the D2 receptor and enhance the therapeutic profile of atypical antipsychotic drugs.

Therefore, the demand for label-free detection technology is rising due to the high efficiency and accurate results it provides without variations, as compared to conventional label-based technologies.

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How are Rising Food Safety Concerns Driving Mass Spectrometry Market?

 Food quality and safety is a vital public health issue, and it has become a major concern for people these days due to the presence of chemicals, toxins, and pathogens in food. As per the University of Rhode Island Department of Food Safety Education, about 33 million people fall ill because of foodborne illnesses every year in North America. Food contamination can originate from various sources, for example food safety is affected by the quality of water that is utilized in the processing and production of food. For maintaining the quality and safety of food, the presence of required microorganisms and the ones which may lead to spoilage in food is mandatory. Hence, food companies and government authorities use various analytical techniques for monitoring contamination to detect and mitigate risks. Due to this, the demand for microbial identification devices, specifically those based on mass spectroscopy, is increasing, as this technique provides a versatile approach in testing food samples along with both qualitative and quantitative data.

Mass spectrometry technique is utilized to quantify and identify molecules in complex and simple mixtures. The identification and ascertainment are done by separating the ions based on their mass to charge ratio which is measured by making use of a mass spectrum. 

As per a study conducted by the P&S Intelligence, the global mass spectrometry market size reached a value of $4,948.3 million in 2015 and is predicted to register a CAGR of 8.1% in the coming years. Various applications of mass spectrometry include proteomics, clinical testing, environmental research, and drug discovery and development. Among all these, mass spectrometry was utilized the most for drug discovery & development during 2012–2015, as it helps in determining the structure of metabolites and drugs. The fastest growth in demand is expected to be witnessed by the application of proteomics.

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Several end users of mass spectrometry include hospitals, academic & research institutes, pharmaceuticals, and life sciences & biotechnology sector. During the period 2012–2015, the largest demand for mass spectrometry was created by the pharmaceutical firms and the situation is going to remain the same in the coming years as well. Over 80% of a medicinal product is made up of excipients, moreover, as these excipients are administered in patients, establishing their purity is of utmost importance. Therefore, to enhance the quality of pharmaceutical excipients, the International Pharmaceutical Excipients Council worked together with the Pharmaceutical Quality Group, the European Fine Chemicals Group, and the European Association of Chemical Distributors to develop a certification scheme for excipient suppliers. The legislation formulated by these organizations enforces the use of mass spectrometry for screening impurities in pharmaceutical excipients.

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